[스프링 핵심 원리 - 기본편] 스프링 컨테이너와 스프링 빈(스프링 빈 조회 - 기본)

스프링 컨테이너의 기본적인 스프링 빈 조회 방법

• ac.getBean(빈이름, 타입)
• ac.getBean(타입)
• 조회 대상 스프링 빈이 없으면 오류 발생
  • NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ‘xxxx’ available

 

예제 코드

package hello.core.beanfind;

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class ApplicationContextBasicFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        System.out.println("memberService = " + memberService);
        System.out.println("memberService.getClass() = " + memberService.getClass());
    }
}

• 출력 결과
  • memberService = hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl@37c7595
  • memberService.getClass() = class hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl

 

빈 이름으로 조회 검증

package hello.core.beanfind;

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

public class ApplicationContextBasicFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }
}

• memberService는 MemberServiceImpl의 인스턴스
  • AppConfig에서 memberService 메소드는 MemberServiceImpl 객체를 new 하여 리턴
  • return new MemberServiceImpl(*memberRepository*());

 

이름 없이 타입으로만 조회 추가

package hello.core.beanfind;

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

public class ApplicationContextBasicFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("이름 없이 타입으로만 조회")
    void findBeanByType() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean(MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }
}

• 테스트 통과

 

구체 타입으로 조회 추가

package hello.core.beanfind;

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

public class ApplicationContextBasicFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("이름 없이 타입으로만 조회")
    void findBeanByType() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean(MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("구체 타입으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName2() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberServiceImpl.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }
}

• 빈 이름으로 조회 시 인터페이스인 MemberService가 아닌, 구체 클래스인 MemberServiceImpl로 타입을 넣어도 정상 조회 가능
• AppConfig에서 memberService의 반환 타입이 MemberService라도 MemberServiceImpl로 타입을 넣을 수 있음
• 하지만 이 같이 구체 클래스를 타입으로 넣는 것은 좋지 않은 방법(역할과 구현의 분리, 역할에 의존)
  • 유연성이 떨어지지만, 가끔 필요할 때가 있음

 

빈 이름으로 조회X 추가

package hello.core.beanfind;

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class ApplicationContextBasicFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("이름 없이 타입으로만 조회")
    void findBeanByType() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean(MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("구체 타입으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName2() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberServiceImpl.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberServiceImpl.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회X")
    void findBeanByNameX() {
        //  ac.getBean("xxxxx", MemberService.class);

        // NoSuchBeanDefinitionException이 발생해야 테스트 성공
        assertThrows(NoSuchBeanDefinitionException.class,
                () -> ac.getBean("xxxxx", MemberService.class));
    }
}

• NoSuchBeanDefinitionException이 발생해야 테스트 성공
• assertThrows는 static import 한 상태
  • org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions을 사용(assertThat은 assertj)
  • import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

 

※ 본 게시글은 인프런의 스프링 핵심 원리 - 기본편(김영한)을 수강하고 정리한 내용입니다.